- Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/603.3.8 (KHTML, Like Gecko) Version/10.1.2 Safari/603.3.8
- Ie User Agent For Mac
- Displaylink User Agent Mac
- User Agent String Wrong On IPad Pr… | Apple Developer Forums
In computing, a user agent is software (a software agent) that is acting on behalf of a user, such as a web browser that 'retrieves, renders and facilitates end user interaction with Web content'.[1] An email reader is a mail user agent.
In many cases, a user agent acts as a client in a network protocol used in communications within a client–serverdistributed computing system. In particular, the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) identifies the client software originating the request, using a user-agent header, even when the client is not operated by a user. The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) protocol (based on HTTP) followed this usage. In the SIP, the term user agent refers to both end points of a communications session.[2]
Chrome User Agent Strings Chrome Free open-source web browser developed by Google. Chromium is the name of the open source project behind Google Chrome, released under the BSD license. Click on any string to get more details Chrome 70.0.3538.77. The latest user agents for Chrome. Google Chrome runs on a variety of operating systems and platforms, so while the version number tends to be fairly similar across platforms, the actual structure of it can be quite varied. Here we have the latest user agents for Chrome on a variety of popular platforms. Please note that these are very 'stock-standard' Chrome user agents and certainly don't. Welcome to The User Agent Knowledgebase. We've been decoding user agents for more than 9 years and we've seen it all - the good, the bad and the downright weird! This website is a collection of resources dedicated to understanding and working with user agents, including the new proposal which may end up eliminating user agents: Client Hints. As well as this, we've also got resources (such as.
User agent identification[edit]
- Aug 06, 2017 User Agent Mac The user agent string that will change your OS to macOS when you visit a website is as follows. It differs from which browser you want the website to think you’re using on macOS.
- There's no 'standard' way of writing a user agent string, so different web browsers use different formats (some are wildly different), and many web browsers cram loads of information into their user agents. That's where WhatIsMyBrowser.com steps in - we decode your user agent.
When a software agent operates in a network protocol, it often identifies itself, its application type, operating system, software vendor, or software revision, by submitting a characteristic identification string to its operating peer. In HTTP,[3] SIP,[2] and NNTP[4] protocols, this identification is transmitted in a header field User-Agent. Bots, such as Web crawlers, often also include a URL and/or e-mail address so that the Webmaster can contact the operator of the bot.
Use in HTTP[edit]
In HTTP, the User-Agent string is often used for content negotiation, where the origin server selects suitable content or operating parameters for the response. For example, the User-Agent string might be used by a web server to choose variants based on the known capabilities of a particular version of client software. The concept of content tailoring is built into the HTTP standard in RFC 1945 'for the sake of tailoring responses to avoid particular user agent limitations.”
The User-Agent string is one of the criteria by which Web crawlers may be excluded from accessing certain parts of a website using the Robots Exclusion Standard (robots.txt file).
As with many other HTTP request headers, the information in the 'User-Agent' string contributes to the information that the client sends to the server, since the string can vary considerably from user to user.[5]
Format for human-operated web browsers[edit]
The User-Agent string format is currently specified by section 5.5.3 of HTTP/1.1 Semantics and Content. The format of the User-Agent string in HTTP is a list of product tokens (keywords) with optional comments. For example, if a user's product were called WikiBrowser, their user agent string might be WikiBrowser/1.0 Gecko/1.0. The 'most important' product component is listed first.
The parts of this string are as follows:
- product name and version (WikiBrowser/1.0)
- layout engine and version (Gecko/1.0)
During the first browser war, many web servers were configured to send web pages that required advanced features, including frames, to clients that were identified as some version of Mozilla only.[6] Other browsers were considered to be older products such as Mosaic, Cello, or Samba, and would be sent a bare bones HTML document.
For this reason, most Web browsers use a User-Agent string value as follows:
Mozilla/[version] ([system and browser information]) [platform] ([platform details]) [extensions]. For example, Safari on the iPad has used the following:
The components of this string are as follows:
- Mozilla/5.0: Previously used to indicate compatibility with the Mozilla rendering engine.
- (iPad; U; CPU OS 3_2_1 like Mac OS X; en-us): Details of the system in which the browser is running.
- AppleWebKit/531.21.10: The platform the browser uses.
- (KHTML, like Gecko): Browser platform details.
- Mobile/7B405: This is used by the browser to indicate specific enhancements that are available directly in the browser or through third parties. An example of this is Microsoft Live Meeting which registers an extension so that the Live Meeting service knows if the software is already installed, which means it can provide a streamlined experience to joining meetings.
Before migrating to the Chromium code base, Opera was the most widely used web browser that did not have the User-Agent string with 'Mozilla' (instead beginning it with 'Opera'). Since July 15, 2013,[7] Opera's User-Agent string begins with 'Mozilla/5.0' and, to avoid encountering legacy server rules, no longer includes the word 'Opera' (instead using the string 'OPR' to denote the Opera version).
Format for automated agents (bots)[edit]
Automated web crawling tools can use a simplified form, where an important field is contact information in case of problems. By convention the word 'bot' is included in the name of the agent.[8] For example:
Automated agents are expected to follow rules in a special file called 'robots.txt'.
User agent spoofing[edit]
Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_10_5) AppleWebKit/603.3.8 (KHTML, Like Gecko) Version/10.1.2 Safari/603.3.8
The popularity of various Web browser products has varied throughout the Web's history, and this has influenced the design of websites in such a way that websites are sometimes designed to work well only with particular browsers, rather than according to uniform standards by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) or the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Websites often include code to detect browser version to adjust the page design sent according to the user agent string received. This may mean that less-popular browsers are not sent complex content (even though they might be able to deal with it correctly) or, in extreme cases, refused all content.[9] Thus, various browsers have a feature to cloak or spoof their identification to force certain server-side content. For example, the Android browser identifies itself as Safari (among other things) in order to aid compatibility.[10][11]
Other HTTP client programs, like download managers and offline browsers, often have the ability to change the user agent string.
Spam bots and Web scrapers often use fake user agents.
A result of user agent spoofing may be that collected statistics of Web browser usage are inaccurate.
User agent sniffing[edit]
User agent sniffing is the practice of websites showing different or adjusted content when viewed with certain user agents. An example of this is Microsoft Exchange Server 2003's Outlook Web Access feature. When viewed with Internet Explorer 6 or newer, more functionality is displayed compared to the same page in any other browsers. User agent sniffing is considered poor practice, since it encourages browser-specific design and penalizes new browsers with unrecognized user agent identifications. Instead, the W3C recommends creating standard HTML markup,[12] allowing correct rendering in as many browsers as possible, and to test for specific browser features rather than particular browser versions or brands.[13]
Websites intended for display by mobile phones often rely on user agent sniffing, since mobile browsers often differ greatly from each other.
Encryption strength notations[edit]
Web browsers created in the United States, such as Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer, previously used the letters U, I, and N to specify the encryption strength in the user agent string. Until 1996, when the United States government disallowed encryption with keys longer than 40 bits to be exported, vendors shipped various browser versions with different encryption strengths. 'U' stands for 'USA' (for the version with 128-bit encryption), 'I' stands for 'International' – the browser has 40-bit encryption and can be used anywhere in the world – and 'N' stands (de facto) for 'None' (no encryption).[14] Following the lifting of export restrictions, most vendors supported 256-bit encryption.
Deprecation of User-Agent header[edit]
In 2020, Google announced that they would be phasing out support for the User-Agent header in their Google Chrome browser. They stated that other major web browser vendors were supportive of the move, but that they did not know when other vendors would follow suit.[15] Google stated that a new feature called Client Hints would replace the functionality of the User-Agent string.[16]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^'W3C Definition of User Agent'. www.w3.org. 16 June 2011. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
- ^ abRFC 3261, SIP: Session Initiation Protocol, IETF, The Internet Society (2002)
- ^RFC 7231, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content, IETF, The Internet Society (June 2014)
- ^Netnews Article Format. IETF. November 2009. sec. 3.2.13. doi:10.17487/RFC5536. RFC5536.
- ^Peter Eckersley. 'Browser Versions Carry 10.5 Bits of Identifying Information on Average', Electronic Frontier Foundation, 27 January 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- ^History of the browser user-agent string. WebAIM.
- ^'Opera User Agent Strings: Opera 15 and Beyond'. dev.opera.com. 15 July 2013. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
- ^'https://www.rankwatch.com/blog/handle-bot-herding-and-spider-wrangling-for-rankings/'
- ^Burstein complaining '... I've been rejected until I come back with Netscape'
- ^'Android Browser Reports Itself as Apple Safari'. Archived from the original on August 6, 2011. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
- ^'User Agent String explained: Android Webkit Browser'. UserAgentString.com. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 2.2; en-sa; HTC_DesireHD_A9191 Build/FRF91) AppleWebKit/533.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/533.1
- ^Pemberton, Stephen. 'W3C Markup Validation Service'. W3C. Retrieved 2011-10-18.
- ^Clary, Bob (10 February 2003). 'Browser Detection and Cross Browser Support'. Mozilla Developer Center. Mozilla. Retrieved 2009-05-30.
- ^Zawinski, Jamie (28 March 1998). 'user-agent strings (obsolete)'. mozilla.org. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
- ^'Chrome Phasing out Support for User Agent'. InfoQ. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
- ^Cimpanu, Catalin. 'Google to phase out user-agent strings in Chrome'. ZDNet. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_agent&oldid=984143124'
A user agent is a line of code that tells websites what type of browser and operating system you're using. This information helps the web server deliver content that's compatible with your browser.
Table of Contents
You can change Firefox's user agent to trick websites into thinking that you're using a different browser or operating system. Web developers might do this to see how their websites will appear on different systems and browsers. Sometimes, add-ons and other installations can change your user agent without your knowledge.
Websites may not display correctly or may show a message that your browser is outdated or incompatible, based on the detected user agent. It's important to switch Firefox back to the default user agent so that websites work properly.
To view your user agent, click the Firefox menu button , click Help and select Troubleshooting Information. This will open a page with the address about:support. The Application Basics section will include a User Agent entry. For example, the default user agent entry for Firefox 72 on Windows 10 (64-bit) would appear as:
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:72.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/72.0
Ie User Agent For Mac
Note: If your user agent shows a previous Windows version, such as Windows NT 6.1 (Windows 7) instead of Windows NT 10.0 (Windows 10), make sure you are not running Firefox in Compatibility mode. You can open the Properties of the Firefox desktop shortcut from the right-click context menu. Check the 'Compatibility' tab and make sure that the compatibility mode option is not selected.
To reset your user agent:
- Type about:config in the address bar and press EnterReturn.
A warning page may appear. Click to continue to the about:config page. - Search for useragent by typing it into the Search field.
- Right-clickHold down the control key while you click on each of these preferences, if they exist, and select Reset from the context menu.
- Type about:config in the address bar and press EnterReturn.
A warning page may appear. Click to continue to the about:config page. - Search for useragent by typing it into the Search preference name field.
- Click the Reset or Delete button on each of these preferences, if they exist:
- general.useragent.extra.firefox
- general.useragent.extra.productName - where productName can be the name of some third party software (e.g. microsoftdotnet).
- general.useragent.locale
- general.useragent.override
- general.useragent.security
See Configuration Editor for Firefox for more information about using the about:config page to reset or delete preferences.
Displaylink User Agent Mac
Note: If the above solution doesn't resolve the problem, check whether you have the privacy.resistFingerprinting preference set to true and, if so, double-click on the preference to reset it to false. This setting can change the user agent and cause this type of issue. For more information, see Firefox's protection against fingerprinting.
After resetting your user agent, you may need restart Firefox and clear your cookies and cache:
User Agent String Wrong On IPad Pr… | Apple Developer Forums
- Click the Library button on your toolbar. (If you don't see it there, click the menu button then click Library.) Click and select .
- In the Time Range to clear: drop-down, select Everything.
- Below the drop-down menu, select both Cookies and Cache. Make sure other items you want to keep are not selected.
- Click .